Trypanosomiases (surra) diseases

^{Trypanosomiases (surra)}

Affected by surra

All domestic mammals are susceptible to this disease but this disease is fatal in case of camel, horse & dogs. And other animals are act as carriers.


Trypanosomiasis

Etiology :-  It is a protozoal disease caused by a typical shape protozoa called trypanosoma evansi . It is extra cellular protozoa which is lives in plasma.

Trypanosoma evansi(surra)

Transmission:-  Mainly it is transmitted by a fly name tsetse flies. These flies live on the body of horse and human beings. These flies suck the blood of infected animals and then if same fly suck the blood of a healthy animal, this disease is transmitted. This type of transimission is called mechanical transmission.

Tsetse fly

Some others sources of transmission are – via biting insects , sucking insects , and vampire bats also.

Symptoms :- Mainly there are three type of symptoms

1.)     Per acute symptoms :-  No symptoms are seen. Only nervous form of symptoms may be seen. Death within 2-4 hours.

2.)     Acute symptoms:-

a.)      Kicking of leg on belly

b.)      Head pressing on wall

c.)       Temp. 105⁰F

d.)      Circling , Excitement

3.)     Chronic symptoms :-

a.)      Dulleness

b.)     Depression

c.)      Weakness

d.)     Red conjunctiva

e.)     Intermittent fever

f.)       Oedema of legs

g.)      Hyperesthetic leaves the herd & seel shade.

Specific Symptoms in horses:-

a.)      Intermittent fever

b.)     Anemia

c.)      Oedema of dependent parts

d.)     Pin point haemorrhage of conjunctiva.

Specific symptoms in camel

a.)      Intermittent fever

b.)     Oedema

c.)      Progressive weakness.

Symptoms in dogs

a.)      Intermittent fever

b.)     Corneal opacity  , that may lead to blindness

c.)      Marked oedema

d.)     Voice of rabies.

Diagnosis:-

1.)     By typical symptoms

2.)     By blood exam

a.)      Wet smear ( live protozoa)

b.)     Stain smear

·         Leishman’s stain (dead protozoa)

·         Giemsa stain

3.)     Biological method :-

                                                Take the blood of suspected animal and injected into the body of lab animal ( mice or G. pig). After 1-2 days the lab animals start to die . collect the blood of lab animal & examine under microscope. We will find  Trypanosoma evansi in its blood. After 5 days, all animals will die.

Treatment:-

1.)     Drug of choice – Triquin (salt name- quinpyramine sulphate) -dose rate- 5mg/kg b.wt.             site-S/C

Triquin

2.)     Surral (salt name- isometamedium) – dose rate 0.52mg/kg b.wt.            site- deep I/M.

3.)     Berenil – dose rate – 5-7mg/kg b.wt.    site-deep I/M.

4.)     Drug of choice in horses- diminazene aceturate (3.5-5 mg/kg bwt.) I/M as a single dose. Repeat in 5 weeks.